William A. Masters Professor and Associate Head, Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University
	(click here for more photos)			I teach and conduct research on economic policy for food and agriculture, focusing on Africa.  Here are google-eyed views of where I work and what I’ve written.  Details below – but you may also want to go to contact info and curriculum vita (with links to publications and presentations). I am also co-editor of Agricultural Economics, the journal of the IAAE; follow these links to submit a paper, submit a referee report, see our latest table of contents.  Note our special call for papers on the world food crisis (deadline Aug. 22, 2008), and Beijing conference information (deadline Nov. 30, 2008).
of general interest…			A brief review article on the world food crisis and African agriculture (July 2008) plus book reviews of Paul Collier’s The Bottom Billion (forthcoming in AJAE), and of William Cline’s Global Warming and Agriculture (JEL, June 2008).
Teaching and Course Materials
	Current courses			AGEC 340 – International Economic Development (Spring 2008) AGEC 640 -- Agricultural Policy (Fall 2008)
	Textbook			Economics of Agricultural Development, for undergraduate courses in agricultural development, world food and resource use.  Available in paperback; read the review in ERAE, and order here from Amazon.com.
Current Research Projects and Working Papers
	Using prizes to reward innovation			A new way to stimulate innovation, by offering cash payments to innovators proportionally to the value of new technologies adopted by farmers, as documented by data from controlled experiments and farm surveys.          A new paper, Accelerating Innovation (June 2008), explains and motivates the idea in terms of the history and economics of prize contests in other fields; another new paper provides a formal model of proportional prize contests.  An earlier journal article, Paying for Prosperity: How and Why to Invest in Agricultural R&D for Africa motivates the idea in terms of what’s needed for poverty alleviation in Africa.  Note also a related article in the New York Times on why trade reform in rich countries is only a little bit helpful for the poorest, whose productivity remains constrained by other barriers we could help them to overcome through more targeted interventions.  The prizes initiative is now documented in a separate page on this website.
	Distortions to agricultural incentives			A new dataset on incentives for production and consumption in 68 countries for 1960-2004 has been generated in a large World Bank project led by Kym Anderson.  I am co-editor of the Africa case studies, and am writing the chapters for Senegal and Cameroon; so far we have a preliminary pre-release dataset only.  Here is a draft review of the Africa data, and some tests of political economy theories to explain government choices.
	Comparing nutritional status across countries			A new approach to measuring nutritional status across countries and over time offers greater sensitivity to small changes in the extent of underweight and overweight.  In this working paper, we apply our new method to 130 DHS surveys covering 53 countries over the 1986-2006 and find some surprising results: for example, children’s bodyweights are closely linked to the relative status of women.
	Market participation, productivity and welfare			A new study of over 10,000 farm households from Asia, Africa and Latin America reveals that lower-income farm households are typically net buyers of some foods but also net sellers of others; since the poor spend much of their income on food, the two turn out to be about equal.  As a result, in this paper on agricultural prices and farm income distribution we find that a general increase in all agricultural prices has a muted effect on the welfare of the poorest.  Those poorest farmers also devote a larger fraction of their production to home consumption (rather than commercial markets), and have lower farm productivity; we study the interaction between market participation and productivity, and find that some are less productive because they have limited market access, but more often the causality runs the other way: they participate less because they are less productive.
	Recent Projects
	Quality certification for infant foods			A new way to improve child nutrition, by lowering the cost of the high-density complementary foods needed during the crucial period from 6 to 24 months of age.           This idea was tested using a market experiment in Mali, whose results were published in journal articles in AJAE and Food Policy; as well as an unpublished French version (Amélioration de la Nutrition Infantile), with press coverage in the Chronicle of Higher Education.   The idea is also described in a mini-lesson for high school economics classes.
	The  impacts of agricultural R&D in Africa			New crop varieties and farming techniques have helped Africans overcome the effects of rapid rural population growth and limited market opportunities, but much more is needed.          This is documented in a presentation on farm technology in Africa, available as PPT slides (a large 4 MB file) or as a PDF handout (a 1 MB file); a presentation to USAID on recent experience measuring the impacts of new technology is also available, in web view or as PPT slides.  Like the prizes proposal, this work draws on a decade of USAID-funded training workshops and case studies in West Africa. Policy options to stimulate investment are discussed in a short presentation here.
	Climate and technology			Recent data on climatic conditions could help explain differences in productivity, and hence guide development policy.          The latest working paper on this is Spatial Determinants of Real Income, using spatial econometrics to control for spillovers and other neighborhood effects (with Guyslain Ngeleza and Raymond Florax).  My particular contribution has been to develop a dataset on the prevalence of winter frosts, that might help people by providing a seasonal respite from the pests, pathogens and disease vectors that thrive year-round in the tropics.  This idea was documented in a 2001 paper in Journal of Economic Growth with additional results in a 2003 book chapter.   Initial publication was reported in The Times of London, the Toronto Star , the Indianapolis Star, ABC News, and The New Scientist website, plus a two-minute video news item produced by Science Central for ABC television.   To see for yourself, here is a map of frost prevalence in .pdf format, and the raw data in Stata (.dta) format or Excel (.xls) format.
	Other things…			Datasets Data for cross-country regressions, courtesy of Andres Garcia (updated May 2008) Conference papers not for publication Policy measurement for trade negotiations and domestic reforms Climate and Development (with Jeffrey Sachs) Climate and Agricultural Productivity (with Keith Wiebe)  Consulting reports and advisory work           The Columbia University advisory project in Sao Tome and Principe (2003-2007)           USAID report on agricultural biotechnology in West Africa (2005), and slides           Abt Associates report on priorities for agricultural R&D in West Africa (2002)           IFPRI paper on impact of seed-fertilizer starter packs in Malawi (2002)           USAID summary of impacts of regional trade agreements in Southern Africa (2000)           Abt Associates text on comparative advantage and agricultural trade (1995) Workshops and panels I organized Workshop on innovation in the life sciences at Columbia (May 2004)           State of the Planet panel on food at Columbia (March 2004)           Workshop on escaping the resource curse at Columbia (Feb. 2004)            Conference on agricultural productivity in the tropics at Harvard (Oct. 2000)            Invited-paper panels at AEA meetings (Jan. 2000 and Jan. 2001)
Other Links
	Links to former graduate students			Amanda Allbritton (The Innovation Group, New Orleans–formerly Hanoi Agric. Univ.) Sophia Chiremba Anong (Faculty at Virgina Tech) Timothy Dalton* (Faculty at Kansas State University) James Edwin (Faculty at ISER, University of Alaska, Anchorage) Monica Fisher** (Senior Scientist at CIFOR in Bogor, Indonesia) Andrew Jacque (Trade policy specialist with FAO in Trinidad and Tobago) Michael Johnson (Research Fellow at IFPRI in Washington, DC) Harounan Kazianga (Faculty at Oklahoma State University) Fr. Steve Kuhlmann, O.P. (Pastor of Sacred Heart Catholic Church, Columbia MO) Nathan Loper (Economist at US Dept of Housing and Urban Development) [link to story] Edward Mazhangara (Adjunct Faculty, Lansing Community College, Michigan) Anthony Mwanaumo (Policy advisor in Government of Zambia) Guy Ngeleza* (Postdoc at MS State) Chewe Nkonde (Faculty at University of Zambia) Annie Pelletier (Economist in California Dept. of Food and Agriculture) Lisa Poley (Postdoc at Virginia Tech) Ana Rios (Postdoc with GTAP, Purdue University) Diakalia Sanogo* (Senior program officer with IDRC in Dakar, Senegal) Rafael Uaiene (Economist at IIAM, Mozambique) * These advisees won our department’s outstanding dissertation award; ** … also won the best dissertation award from the American Agricultural Economics Association.
	Past courses			AGEC 450 – International Agricultural Trade (Fall 2005) AGEC 620 -- Computational Analysis of Markets and Policies  (Fall 2004) INAF U4235 – Economics of Food and Agriculture (Spring 2004)
	Photos and other stuff			Here is some photographic evidence on technical change in Africa, some other agriculture photos, a first-day-of-class slide show on African agriculture, and a 20-minute mini-lesson for high school economics classes. One of my early teaching projects is I-TRADE, a simulation of neoclassical trade and growth for role playing in the classroom; another is Hands-On Econ, an interactive textbook for use in Russia in the 1990s.  I’m an alumnus and a trustee of Deep Springs College, which was recently profiled in Vanity Fair (4MB), the Sunday Telegraph, the Christian Science Monitor newspaper and in an older article in Salon, and a great piece in the Vassar Quarterly by my wife, Diane (with photo by me).  Here’s google’s satellite view of the place. Here are some family photos; really curious visitors might be interested in my father's work, my brother’s work, and my mother's work and co-housing project. Last and least, here’s an 8-second sound clip of Ann-Margret’s musical tribute to my classmates and colleagues.
		Department of Agricultural Economics | Download Acrobat Reader (free) | email me  last updated August 1, 2008